author(s)
CC Patel, Digvijay Singh, Vinod Uikey, Alka Choudhary, Ashish Dindod, SR Padaliya and V Sridhar

abstract
Bovine urine was evaluated at 75 percent in combination with neem oil 1% and NSKE 5% for its field bio-efficacy against insect pests of moringa and maize during 2019-20. The experiments were conducted at Forage Research Center, Itola farm (Gujarat). Among evaluated different bovine urine, desi cow urine 75% + neem oil 1% was found most effective against whiteflies followed by buffalo urine 75% + neem oil 1%, cross breed cow urine 75% + neem oil 1% and neem oil 1%. In respect to green fodder yield buffalo urine 75% + neem oil 1% and cross breed cow urine 75% + neem oil 1% also registered more green fodder yield as compared to other treatments. The treatment of buffalo urine 75% + neem oil 1% registered maximum ICBR (1:24.37) followed by crossbreed cow urine 76% + neem oil 1% (1:20.60), neem seed kernel extract 5% (1:19.35), desi cow urine 75% + neem oil 1% (1:15.68), buffalo urine 75% + NSKE 5% (1:12.08), desi cow urine 75% + NSKE 5% (1:10.22) and crossbreed cow urine 75% + NSKE 5% (1:10.07). Thus, it is clearly indicated that bovine urines in combination with neem oil were found most effective in managing whiteflies and ultimately increased the fodder yield of moringa. Considering various treatments, time interval and sprays, the treatment of buffalo urine 75 % + Neem oil 1% registered lowest infestation of twigs by bud worm which also reflected on green fodder and dry matter yield. In maize, minimum infestation (86%) of fall armyworm was found in the treatment of buffalo urine 75% + neem oil 1% (86%) followed by cross breed cow urine 75% + neem oil 1% (80%), cross breed cow urine 75% + NSKE 5% (88%) and buffalo urine 75% + NSKE 5% (88%). Lower (67%) stem borer infestation in sorghum was found in the treatment of buffalo urine 75% + neem oil 1%. It was reflected on growth parameters and yield.