author(s)
Awadhesh Kumar Tiwari, KK Singh, AP Dwivedi and RP Singh

abstract
Chickpea is one of the most important pulse crops grown in India and its production in highly influenced by insects and diseases infestations at different plant growth stages. These biotic stresses can be managed by practicing the components of IPM. The level of adoption of IPM technology in chickpea was studied during 2018-19 among 80 respondents through Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Raebareli at five selected villages. It was found that 65.00% respondents belonged to low adoption level of integrated plant protection practices followed by medium (35.00%) and high level (10.00%). Practice wise adoption level was reported that, 81.25% respondents were adopted timely sowing followed by mixed and intercropping with linseed/mustard (68.75%), crop rotation (43.75%), deep summer ploughing and destruction of stubbles (15.00%), selection of disease and insect resistant varieties (5.00%), and line sowing (3.75%) while application of neem cake/ground nut cake were not adopted by the respondents. 17.50 per cent respondents were adopted weed management practices while 8.75 per cent respondents were accepted hand removal of pest and disease affected plants/plant parts. Only 5.00 per cent respondents were adopted installation of pheromone trap and erection of T shaped sticks for bird perches and none of them applying putting of heaps of grasses for insect management. 16.25 per cent respondents practicing bio-fungicide i.e. Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum as seed treatment for management of wilt and collar rot while 2.50% respondents implementing bio-insecticide i.e. NPV, Bt and NSKE for insect management. Under use of recommended chemical pesticides, 17.50 per cent respondents were adopted recommended chemical pesticides for pest management while 11.25 per cent respondents were using their proper doses with timely application interval. Under situational constrains, the 88.75% respondents faced difficulties about unavailability of bio-insecticides i.e. NPV, Bt and NSKE at local market for eco-friendly management followed by unavailability of skilled labour and unavailability of quality seed in time, high rate of wages, high cost of pesticides, availability of safe pesticides at local markets. Under technical constraints, 100% respondents also faced difficulties regarding lack of awareness of friendly insects, lack of knowledge about economic threshold level and economic injury level followed by lack of knowledge about identification of harmful insect-pests and diseases, lack of knowledge about safe pesticides, lack of timely information and technical guidance and use of appropriate time of pesticides.