author(s)
Yadala RK, Madhuri D, Lakshman M, Gopalareddy A, Kalakumar B, Anilkumar B, Sawale GK, Lakshmi Namratha M and Ashokkumar Reddy KB

abstract
The main objective of the study was to know the pathological alterations of the spleen due to toxic effects of cadmium and chlorpyrifos. Present work was carried out for 28 days in rats. 1: Control. 2: CdCl₂ @ 22.5mg/ kg b.wt / oral. 3: CPF @ 25 mg/ kg b.wt /per oral. 4: CdCl₂@22.5 mg + CPF @ 25 mg/ kg b.wt /per oral. Sections of spleen of group 2 rats, on 15^th day of experiment revealed mild to moderate vacuolation, thick trabeculi; on 29^th day shrunken red pulp, hypoplasia of white pulp and dilated splenic vessel with thickening of the wall. Spleen sections of group 3 rats on 15^th day showed hypoplasia of white pulp and thick trabeculi with haemorrhages and extension of trabeculi with focal areas of hypercellularity. On 29^th day in addition to the above changes, shrunken red pulp and vacuolation were observed. Group 4 rats spleen on 15^th and 29^th day of the experiment showed similar lesions as seen in groups 2 and 3 but the lesions were moderate. The pathological changes in spleen in combined group were severe than individual groups due to synergistic action of the combined pollutants.