author(s)
RP Singh, Smita Tiwari, Mamta Singh, Ashutosh Singh and AK Singh

abstract
Greenhouse cultivation is a form of protected cultivation which has some level of control over plant microclimate to alleviate one or more of abiotic or biotic stress for optimum plant growth. Nowadays, it is an emerging technology for raising vegetables, flowers and others high valued as well as perishable crops. In modern agriculture, protected structures have an extreme potential for more production with higher productivity. Quantity and quality of produce is also much better than open field produces. Gross and net returns are higher in these structures as compared to open conditions. The initial cost of protected structures is higher but it is compensated in 3-5 years with the good production of crops. Farmers are facing problems of low yield and poor-quality marketable produce due to various constraints like diseases, insect-pests, lack of planting materials and management technology worldwide. Among these, the major diseases in greenhouse crops are caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses and nematodes. Some of the minor diseases occurring under field condition have become major under protected condition. Greenhouses are designed to protect crops from many adverse conditions, but most pathogens and several pests are impossible to exclude. Windblown spores and aerosols containing bacteria enter doorways and ventilators. Soilborne pathogens enter in windblown dust and adhere to footwear and machinery. Aquatic fungi can be present in irrigation water, insects that enter the greenhouse can transmit viruses and can carry bacteria and fungi as well. Once inside a greenhouse, pathogens and pests are difficult to eradicate. In this review article, the major diseases and their integrated management are described based on pathogen types: fungi, bacteria, and viruses that are common in protected cultivation.