author(s)
Ram Chandra Adhikari

abstract
Koshi Tappu Wetland/Wildlife Reserve is the first Ramsar site and only the Wildlife Reserve of Nepal. This study of one year long was launched to find out major anthropogenic impacts to wetland/reserve. Field visit, direct observation, questionnaire and interview methods were applied. 60% houses' roof, 76% walls were made by Kans. 89% people belong to agriculture, 98% people of the settlements go to the wetland for some purposes - 90% for fire wood, 89% for grass and fodder, Niguro picking 43%, fishing 48.1%, Kans collection 97.83%, for farming 17%, Typha harvesting 55.83%, mud collection 62.67% and shoot collection 33.5%. Each household had kept 5.2 number of cows and 5.1 buffaloes 84% of which let free in the wetland. The main source of energy was firewood, 87%. For the livelihood 98% of local people depended on the wetland. Only 3.11% fisherman used hooks. The farmer used maximum amount of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides. 412 picnic groups /yr arrived. 89% of events of wildlife people conflict were from the side of human. 71% of the owners of domestic buffalo had purposed to the made cross with the wild water buffaloes to improve meat quality in the breed. People put on fire with the main aim (71%) for the better growth of grasses.