author(s)
Rebecca Lalmuanpuii, H Prasad, Kalyan Sarma, Chethan GE Bedanga Konwar, SK Behera, Basanta Saikia, JB Rajesh, R Ravindran, Nirali Pyush Shah, Chamniugongliu Gonmei N and Suraj Singh

abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the urinary tract diseases of dogs by ultrasonography and to correlate that with other diagnostic procedures. A total of 800 cases presented to the Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex during the period from June 2017 to May 2018. Thirty-five dogs out of 800 were suspected for urinary tract diseases based on history and clinical signs. All the suspected animals were subjected to ultrasonography and other diagnostic procedures like radiography, haemato-biochemical analysis and urinalysis. Cystitis (22.86%, 8/35) and urolithiasis (11.42%, 4/35) were the major findings noticed in the present study. In ultrasonography, the inflamed thickened wall was visible with the distinction of different layers of the urinary bladder wall in case of cystitis. The cystoliths were visible as hyperechoic structures with distal acoustic shadow and appeared as a bright echogenic area. Radiographic examination revealed mucosal irregularity decreased with increasing bladder distension in cystitis cases and the presence of radiopaque masses in the urinary bladder. The haemato-biochemical analysis revealed significant (p<0.05) decrease in haemoglobin and significant (p<0.05) increase in neutrophils count, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels. In urinalysis, an increase in specific gravity, pH and presence of leukocytes, erythrocytes, protein, blood, urobilinogen and crystals noticed. On critical analysis of the above mentioned diagnostic procedures, it was observed that there was interrelationship among the different diagnostic methods for urinary tract diseases of dogs. It was observed that ultrasonography (91.67%) was the best diagnostic method for urinary tract diseases followed by haemato-biochemical analysis (66.67%), radiographic examination (50.00%) and urinalysis (41.67%). The results of the present study indicated that ultrasonography is more sensitive than radiography in diagnosing urinary tract diseases.