author(s)
SK Tyagi, VR Bhagwat, PN Guru, Aarti Nimesh and Anju B Khatkar

abstract
Using botanicals in the form of smokes has a great potential, since the research area has not been explored extensively for grain storage pest management. In present study, potential of environmental friendly byproducts in the form of smokes were generated using developed indigenous furnace cum fumigation chamber and were treated against Callasobruchus chinensis (L.). The results indicated, the adult mortality of 0.4 to 98.4% observed when smokes of different byproducts were tested. Among the byproducts, the smokes from mustard cake resulted highest mortality (46.2%) and followed by smokes from neem seed cake (37.2%) and karanj seed cake (33.2%). However, the application of phosphine recorded highest mortality 9814%. The longest exposure of smokes at 120 hr found most effective and recorded highest mortality (51.2%), followed by 96hr (40.4%), 72 hr (33.2%), and 48 hr (24.7%). Further, the mortality is linearly correlated with exposure time of smokes. Smokes generated from cake of mustard seeds was found most effective at 120 hr of exposures and recorded (68%) adult mortality. Egg hatchability reduced to 40 to 87% during first four days. However, after five days the smokes not recorded desirable kill. Smokes generated from botanical byproducts can be effectively used as fumigant alternatives for grain storage, with thorough scientific research.