author(s)
S Durga, N Sri Balaji, V Kumaravel, P Senthil Kumar, S Senthilkumar and MR Purushothaman

abstract
Largely due to the demand for grains for the bio-fuel industry, the cost of feed energy will increase worldwide. Therefore, alternative energy supplying pig feed ingredients should be explored. The inclusion of DDGS in diets is limited by the fiber concentration in DDGS and for finishing pigs, also by the concentration of unsaturated fatty acids. Diets fed to growing-finishing pigs, may contain up to 70% field peas and no soybean meal is needed in these diets. Wheat shorts have been available for use in swine diets for many years. The available energy content of wheat shorts is lower than that of corn, but it contains more digestible amino acids and phosphorus than corn. If diets are formulated carefully, growing-finishing pig diets may contain 40% wheat shorts without compromising pig performance. Liquid feeding allows the use of liquid co-products such as whey, whey permeate, corn distillers soluble, brewer’s yeast, sugar syrup, and corn steep water. The nutritional value of these co-products has been characterized and recommendations for their use in pig diets are made. These co-products are generally more variable in nutritional value, which should be considered carefully when formulating and costing swine diets.