author(s)
Rajeev Ranjan, U Mukherjee and Vijay Kumar

abstract
The comparative field efficacy of pest management approaches consisting of bio – pesticides, organic manures and other components of bio-rational approaches were evaluated against major pests (Litchi fruit borer, Litchi mite and Litchi leaf roller) of litchi. Spraying of natural pesticide, spinosad 45 SC (0.045%) twice at flush stage and fruit colour break stage along with the application of plant nutrients through complete organic sources (100%) afforded maximum protection to the litchi trees from the pests recording lowest leaf infestation (5.10 per cent) due to litchi mite (A. litchii), fruit damage (6.30 per cent) due to litchi fruit borer, C. cramerella, leaf infestation (8.60 per cent) due to litchi leaf roller, D. aprobola and the maximum marketable fruit yield (126.80 kg / tree). The NSKE (4%) also provided protection to the litchi trees from the pest menace recording 8.00 per cent leaf infestation due to litchi mite, 9.50 per cent fruit damage due to litchi fruit borer, 12.80 per cent leaf infestation due to litchi leaf roller and fruit yield 121.20 kg per tree during the years 2012 and 2013. These pest management modules were cost effective also particularly, organic protection modules with NSKE (C / B = 1: 9.9) and spinosad (C / B = 1: 10.2)