author(s)
Ziaullah Danish, Mukesh Bhakat, Adil Rasool Paray, Shabir Ahmad Lone, Abdul Rahim, TK Mohanty and Ranjana Sinha

abstract
The present investigation was carried out in lactating Sahiwal, Karan Fries cows and Murrah buffaloes, maintained at Livestock Research Centre, ICAR-NDRI, Karnal, to evaluate different udder and teat shapes and their relation with incidence of sub-clinical and clinical mastitis. The shape of udder and teats was determined through visual appraisal method. The udder morphology was categorized into four different types as, trough, round, goaty and pendulous. Similarly, shape of teats was also grossly categorized into four types, as cylindrical, funnel, bottle and pear-shaped teats. Milk samples were tested for mastitis by CMT test. The frequencies of trough (bowl), round, goaty and pendulous type udder were 50.00%, 19.12%, 17.65% and 13.24% in Sahiwal cows; 41.56%, 24.68%, 23.38%, and 10.39% in Karan Fries crossbreed cows and 47.73%, 25.00%, 11.36% and 15.91%, in Murrah buffaloes, respectively. The trough udder was observed in higher frequency, followed by round, goaty and pendulous type in all the three breeds studied. The frequencies of cylindrical, funnel, bottle and pear type teat shape were 17.65%, 58.82%, 8.82%, and 14.71% in Sahiwal cows; 25.97%, 46.75%, 7.79%, and 19.48% in crossbred Karan Fries cows and 40.91%, 15.91%, 25.00%, and 18.18% in Murrah buffaloes, respectively. Among various shapes of the udder examined in the present study, pendulous shaped udder was having highest incidence of mastitis, including both clinical and subclinical, in Sahiwal cows and Murrah buffaloes (88.89% and 71.43%, respectively) followed by goaty (83.33% and 40.00%), round (38.46% and 18.18%) and trough (31.43% and 9.52%) shaped udder. However, in case of crossbred Karan Fries cows, incidence was highest in goaty (77.78%) followed by pendulous (75.00%), round (36.84%), and trough (21.88%) shaped udder.