author(s)
Ziaullah Danish, Mukesh Bhakat, Adil Rasool Paray, Tushar Kumar Mohanty, Shabir Ahmad Lone, Abdul Rahim, Ranjana Sinha and Manish Kumar Kushwaha

abstract
The present investigation was carried out in lactating Murrah buffaloes, maintained at Livestock Research Centre, ICAR-NDRI, Karnal, with the objective to analyze the effect of season, parity, and stage of lactation on surface temperature of different body points, teats and udder, using Infrared Thermography (IRT). The thermographic images of different body points, teats and udder were captured during Hot humid, Autumn and Winter season using the hand held digital infrared thermal camera (DarviDTL007). The multiple IRT images were taken at a distance of one meter during morning and evening hours before milking, and best quality images were analyzed using Darvi TI analysis software. Data were analyzed by one way ANOVA using SPSS software. The thermography results showed higher skin surface temperature in buffaloes during hot humid season and at early stage of lactation. The surface temperature of different body points, teats and udder were significantly (P<0.01) higher in hot humid season as compared to other two seasons and the values were observed to gradually decrease in Autumn and then Winter. However, parity was not having any significant effect on teat and udder thermogram.